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青山湖区文化部门对家谱修编的指示These include the Hebrews, Persians and Assyrians. 他们包括希伯来人,波斯人和亚述人。 Modern day Arabs and Jews trace their lineage to Shem. 现今的阿拉伯人和犹太人血统都能追溯到闪。 Many Arabic nomad tribes still claim they descended from Shem. 许多阿拉伯游牧民族现在仍然宣称自己是闪族后裔。 The descendants of Shem (Shemites) are often called Semites, a term first used in the late 18th century for peoples listed in the Bible as descended from Shem. 闪的后裔通常也称为闪米特人,是18世纪以来用于记述圣经中闪的后裔的专门术语。 Today the term Semite refers to peoples who speak any of the Semitic languages, including the ancient peoples who inhabited Babylonia (Mesopotamia). 今天闪米特人术语一般指那些讲闪米特语言的所有民族,包括古代美索不达米亚地区古巴比伦人。 Modern peoples speaking Semitic languages include the Arabs and Jews. 现代人讲闪米特语言的有阿拉伯人和犹太人。 Several centuries before the Christian Era, many ancient Semitic populations were migrating in large numbers from Arabia to Mesopotamia, the coasts of the Mediterranean Sea, and the Nile River delta. 在公元前几个世纪,有许多古代闪米特人口大量从阿拉伯地区迁徙到美索不达米亚地区,地中海沿岸和尼罗河三角洲。 Jews and other Semites settled in villages in Judea (southern Palestine). 犹太人和其他的闪米特人则定居于犹大地区的村庄(巴勒斯坦南部)。Today, Semitic-speaking peoples are concentrated in the Middle East and northern Africa.今天,说闪米特语言的人口则集中于中东地区和北非地区。
The descendants of Ham include the Egyptians, Ethiopians, Canaanites, Phoenicians and Hittites. 含的后裔包括埃及人,埃塞俄比亚人,迦南人,腓尼基人和赫人。 His descendants appear to be the first to fill the earth, as they were the early settlers of Africa, Asia, Australia, the South Pacific and the Americas. 他们似乎是首先遍布世界的,他们很早就定居于非洲、亚洲、澳洲、南太平洋和美洲。 The descendants of Japheth migrated into Europe and parts of Central Asia. 雅弗的后裔迁徙到欧洲和部分中亚地区。 The Greeks, Romans, Spanish, Celts, Scythians and Medes were Japheth's descendants. 希腊人、罗马人、西班牙人、凯尔特人、斯基台人和米提亚人都是雅弗的后裔。 Some people groups merged to form one nation, as did the Persians (Shem) and the Medes (Japheth), which later became the Medo-Persian empire. 有些族群融合成一个国家,如闪族后裔的波斯人与雅弗后裔的米提亚人,之后变成为玛代波斯帝国。 We also find that many nations or peoples were named after an ancestor. 我们也会发现许多国家和民族按照自己祖先的名字来命名。 Romans, and their capital city, were named after Romulus. 罗马人和他们的首都是按照罗姆卢斯的名字来命名的。 Israelis and their country are named after their forefather, Israel. 以色列人与他们的国家是按照他们的祖先以色列来命名的。 The observable fact of attaching the name of a leader to his people and his empire appears often in Ancient Near Eastern history.在古近东历史中常常出现用领导者的名字来命名他的人民和帝国的事实。 The Table of Nations in Genesis 10 illustrates this principle, whereby every land was named after its first successful settler: Canaanites were named after Ham's son, Canaan, and so on.创世纪10章的国家民族列表中也说明了这一原则:例如迦南人是按照含的儿子迦南的名字来命名的,等等。
Note that the many names of family groups and nations listed here naturally follow well-established rules in the development of language, and the transfer of words between languages of a different family or nation. 应该提醒的是,这里列举的许多家族与国家的名字是自然地按照语言发展的被大家所认可的规则来命名的。 Letters may be transposed, endings added, prefixes taken away or added, but the basic root persists to help trace the spread of the peoples of the earth. 字母变位、添加后缀、前缀去除或添加等都可能发生,但基本字根的存留也可以帮助我们追溯人们在地球上迁徙分布的痕迹。For example, the ancient city of Unuk (in the Bible is the first city ever built, equated with Enoch), later appears as Uruk and Erech, then as Wark or Warka by the Sumerians, and finally appears in Greek as Purgos or Pergos. 例如,古代城市Unuk(是圣经中最先建造的Enoch以诺城),之后出现的名字是Uruk和Erech,之后又被苏美尔人称为Wark或Warka,最后在希腊语中则称为Purgos或Pergos。 The conversion of "wark" into "purg-" shows the transfer of words between languages of a different family (more on language groups at the end of this article).从wark到purg-的转换显示了不同族群语言间单词的转换(更多的见本文结束时对语言的论述)。
Interestingly enough, purg- becomes burgh in modern Indo-European languages, which is the root of the English word, borough. 更有意思的是,在现代印欧语系中purg-变成了burgh,后者是英语单词borough的字根。 Several examples of this are below, specifically in the lines of Japheth. 下面有几个例子,尤其是雅弗这条后裔中。 The three sons of Noah and their descendants listed below are not in any particular order.下面列出的挪亚三个儿子及其后裔并没有特别的顺序。 From Babel the three families of man would populate the earth, and here we have the beginnings of all people groups through Shem, Ham and Japheth: 自从巴别塔以后,三个家族的人分布于全地,这里我们通过闪含雅弗来开始论述所有的族群。
Shem. Also Sem. Literal meanings ,凡客家谱网(http://www.fankhome.com/),作为国内最专业的“青山湖区文化部门对家谱修编的指示”公司,选择凡客,等于选择了成功!
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